施秉精密量具夾具加工
發布時間：2025-01-13 01:07:23
施秉精密量具夾具加工
齒(chi)面粗(cu)糙度(du)(du)(du)差的(de)(de)(de)(de)原因有(you)(you)：機床、刀具(ju)或(huo)工(gong)(gong)件系(xi)統(tong)間隙大，整體剛度(du)(du)(du)差；切割(ge)參數(shu)問題；工(gong)(gong)件和(he)滾(gun)刀位(wei)(wei)置變(bian)化；零(ling)件本身(shen)材料不(bu)均勻，滾(gun)刀磨(mo)削(xue)不(bu)當。通(tong)(tong)過以上描述，我們對(dui)影響滾(gun)齒(chi)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)因素(su)有(you)(you)了(le)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)解(jie)，特別是(shi)(shi)(shi)各(ge)種誤差的(de)(de)(de)(de)原因。結合以上問題，筆者認為，提(ti)(ti)高滾(gun)齒(chi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)可以從(cong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)系(xi)統(tong)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)、加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)零(ling)件本身(shen)、加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)、加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)機床、加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)等方面進行控(kong)制，從(cong)而(er)提(ti)(ti)高滾(gun)齒(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)。具(ju)體方法(fa)有(you)(you)：提(ti)(ti)高齒(chi)坯(pi)(pi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)：對(dui)于齒(chi)輪(lun)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)，齒(chi)坯(pi)(pi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)直接影響齒(chi)輪(lun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)。提(ti)(ti)高齒(chi)坯(pi)(pi)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)提(ti)(ti)高齒(chi)輪(lun)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎和(he)關鍵。齒(chi)輪(lun)內孔和(he)齒(chi)輪(lun)端面是(shi)(shi)(shi)齒(chi)輪(lun)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)定位(wei)(wei)基準。以往普(pu)通(tong)(tong)卡盤(pan)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)坯(pi)(pi)端面跳(tiao)動(dong)≥0.05mm，而(er)精(jing)(jing)車夾具(ju)采用粘接增套技(ji)術，夾具(ju)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)可達0.005mm，加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)齒(chi)坯(pi)(pi)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)≤0.015mm，提(ti)(ti)高定位(wei)(wei)基準精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)，可大大提(ti)(ti)高齒(chi)輪(lun)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)，特別是(shi)(shi)(shi)齒(chi)向精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)。
施秉精密量具夾具加工
工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件外輪(lun)廓(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)的(de)(de)檢測(ce)方法主要(yao)有兩種，設計相應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)汽(qi)車檢測(ce)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)：①檢查(cha)具(ju)(ju)(ju)體(ti)(ti)(ti)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)沿(yan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件外輪(lun)廓(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)向外延(yan)(yan)伸(shen)約20mm；②沿(yan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件外輪(lun)廓(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)法向下延(yan)(yan)伸(shen)約20mm。在通用(yong)的(de)(de)CAD軟件(如(ru)UG)中，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)向內的(de)(de)offset距(ju)離為(wei)2-3mm(如(ru)果生成(cheng)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件模型(xing)為(wei)外表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)，則(ze)在offset時(shi)應(ying)(ying)增加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件厚度)，然后沿(yan)其輪(lun)廓(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)的(de)(de)切(qie)向或(huo)方向將曲面(mian)延(yan)(yan)伸(shen)20mm，得(de)到具(ju)(ju)(ju)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)檢測(ce)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)，然后向基(ji)準面(mian)延(yan)(yan)伸(shen)一定距(ju)離，即(ji)汽(qi)車檢測(ce)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)具(ju)(ju)(ju)體(ti)(ti)(ti)檢測(ce)模型(xing)。由于(yu)車身覆(fu)蓋復雜，在生成(cheng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)體(ti)(ti)(ti)檢測(ce)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)時(shi)，大多需(xu)要(yao)上述兩種方法的(de)(de)結(jie)合，但(dan)對于(yu)一些特殊(shu)的(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)，這仍然難以實現。當然，在汽(qi)車檢測(ce)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)（特別是具(ju)(ju)(ju)體(ti)(ti)(ti)檢測(ce)）的(de)(de)設計中也會遇到許多類(lei)似(si)的(de)(de)問題(ti)，需(xu)要(yao)對汽(qi)車檢測(ce)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)原理的(de)(de)滲透理解和經驗進(jin)行(xing)處理。
施秉精密量具夾具加工
端(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)夾(jia)具是安裝在機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)主(zhu)軸上(shang)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)夾(jia)具，與(yu)尾架頂(ding)(ding)部(bu)配合使用(yong)，負(fu)責將(jiang)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)主(zhu)軸產生的(de)扭(niu)矩傳遞到兩(liang)個頂(ding)(ding)部(bu)之間的(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)上(shang)。端(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)夾(jia)具與(yu)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)主(zhu)軸的(de)連(lian)接形式(shi)多(duo)(duo)種多(duo)(duo)樣，常(chang)用(yong)的(de)有(you)法(fa)(fa)蘭(lan)連(lian)接和莫(mo)氏錐連(lian)接。當端(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)夾(jia)具的(de)接口與(yu)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)主(zhu)軸的(de)接口形式(shi)不(bu)同時，可通過(guo)過(guo)渡法(fa)(fa)蘭(lan)連(lian)接。端(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)夾(jia)具包括兩(liang)個重要(yao)組(zu)成部(bu)分：定(ding)心(xin)頂(ding)(ding)尖和驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)刃。定(ding)心(xin)頂(ding)(ding)部(bu)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)進行定(ding)心(xin)定(ding)位；通過(guo)吃入(ru)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)端(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)刃將(jiang)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)主(zhu)軸的(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)力傳遞給(gei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)。自20世紀90年代以來，許多(duo)(duo)外國汽車齒輪行業逐漸采用(yong)滾動(dong)、高效磨(mo)（蝸桿(gan)砂輪磨(mo)機(ji)）和滾動(dong)、剃(ti)須(xu)、恒(heng)（內齒圈砂輪恒(heng)速器）工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝取代了原有(you)的(de)滾動(dong)、剃(ti)須(xu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝和滾動(dong)、磨(mo)削（展示(shi)法(fa)(fa)磨(mo)齒）工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝。
施秉精密量具夾具加工
滾(gun)(gun)動(dong)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)可以看作是齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)和齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)條(tiao)傳動(dong)，沒有嚙合間(jian)隙。當(dang)滾(gun)(gun)動(dong)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)旋(xuan)轉一(yi)周時，相當(dang)于(yu)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)條(tiao)在(zai)(zai)法(fa)律(lv)方向移(yi)動(dong)刀齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。滾(gun)(gun)動(dong)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)是目(mu)(mu)前應用廣泛的(de)(de)(de)切割方法(fa)，可加工(gong)(gong)漸開(kai)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)、弧齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)、擺動(dong)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)、鏈輪(lun)(lun)(lun)、棘輪(lun)(lun)(lun)、蝸輪(lun)(lun)(lun)和包(bao)裝蝸桿，精(jing)度一(yi)般(ban)可達到(dao)DIN4~7級。目(mu)(mu)前，先進的(de)(de)(de)滾(gun)(gun)動(dong)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)技(ji)術包(bao)括(kuo)多頭滾(gun)(gun)動(dong)刀、硬齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)面滾(gun)(gun)動(dong)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)技(ji)術、大型齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)滾(gun)(gun)動(dong)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)技(ji)術、高(gao)速(su)滾(gun)(gun)動(dong)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)技(ji)術等。齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)在(zai)(zai)生產過程(cheng)中，通常(chang)是在(zai)(zai)環形工(gong)(gong)件(jian)上(shang)(shang)車(che)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)得到(dao)，在(zai)(zai)對(dui)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)進行(xing)(xing)車(che)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)時，通常(chang)是將(jiang)單(dan)個需要車(che)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)固定在(zai)(zai)機(ji)床加工(gong)(gong)臺的(de)(de)(de)夾(jia)具(ju)(ju)上(shang)(shang)，然(ran)后(hou)對(dui)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)進行(xing)(xing)加工(gong)(gong)，加工(gong)(gong)完畢后(hou)，從夾(jia)具(ju)(ju)上(shang)(shang)取下工(gong)(gong)件(jian)并換(huan)上(shang)(shang)另一(yi)個待加工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)。
施秉精密量具夾具加工
公(gong)法(fa)(fa)線(xian)(xian)長度誤(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha):滾齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)采(cai)用展(zhan)成(cheng)法(fa)(fa)原理進行齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)加工。刀(dao)(dao)具與(yu)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)坯(pi)之間的分(fen)(fen)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)傳(chuan)動(dong)鏈需要有一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)的傳(chuan)動(dong)比，以(yi)保(bao)證(zheng)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)運動(dong)的準(zhun)確性。由(you)于傳(chuan)動(dong)鏈由(you)一(yi)(yi)系列元件組(zu)成(cheng)，在(zai)制造(zao)或(huo)組(zu)裝過程中(zhong)存(cun)在(zai)誤(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)，必(bi)然會影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)傳(chuan)動(dong)鏈的零件，導致相對運動(dong)偏差(cha)(cha)和齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)精度降低。公(gong)法(fa)(fa)線(xian)(xian)長度主要用于表示齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)牙齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)分(fen)(fen)布的較大誤(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)，這是滾齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)機(ji)工作臺蝸桿副旋轉不(bu)均勻造(zao)成(cheng)的。此(ci)外，圓(yuan)形導軌與(yu)分(fen)(fen)度渦(wo)輪(lun)的不(bu)同軸或(huo)圓(yuan)形導軌磨損，分(fen)(fen)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)掛(gua)輪(lun)過緊或(huo)過松，分(fen)(fen)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)掛(gua)輪(lun)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)面顛簸，會導致公(gong)法(fa)(fa)線(xian)(xian)誤(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)過大。齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形誤(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)：在(zai)實際滾齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)加工中(zhong)，漸開(kai)線(xian)(xian)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形容易出(chu)現各種誤(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)，會影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)傳(chuan)動(dong)的穩定(ding)(ding)性。一(yi)(yi)般來說，在(zai)滾齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)加工中(zhong)，通過齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)坯(pi)與(yu)滾刀(dao)(dao)之間的分(fen)(fen)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)來確定(ding)(ding)漸開(kai)線(xian)(xian)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形。
施秉精密量具夾具加工
全數控(kong)錐齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)檢查機(ji)(ji)是一(yi)種用(yong)于高(gao)(gao)速(su)、地面(mian)檢查正(zheng)(zheng)交直齒(chi)、弧齒(chi)和(he)準雙曲面(mian)錐齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)副的(de)(de)設備(bei)，用(yong)于檢測齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)副的(de)(de)接(jie)觸(chu)面(mian)積(ji)、齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)副切(qie)向的(de)(de)綜(zong)合誤差、齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)副切(qie)向的(de)(de)綜(zong)合誤差、齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)副嚙(nie)合產生的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)噪(zao)聲(sheng)和(he)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)噪(zao)聲(sheng)，其測試結(jie)(jie)果(guo)可(ke)作(zuo)為(wei)修(xiu)正(zheng)(zheng)齒(chi)調(diao)整參數的(de)(de)重要依據。機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)穩定，噪(zao)音(yin)低，承(cheng)載(zai)力(li)高(gao)(gao)，應用(yong)范圍廣。適(shi)用(yong)于各(ge)類汽(qi)車后橋齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)副傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)主(zhu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)箱的(de)(de)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)和(he)立柱的(de)(de)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，由伺服(fu)電機(ji)(ji)和(he)高(gao)(gao)精(jing)度(du)滾珠(zhu)絲杠驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)。它可(ke)以(yi)實(shi)現(xian)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)進給和(he)重復保持設定的(de)(de)側隙(xi)功能，并可(ke)以(yi)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)對齒(chi)。主(zhu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)箱主(zhu)軸采用(yong)伺服(fu)調(diao)速(su)，可(ke)實(shi)現(xian)700~2000轉(zhuan)(zhuan)/分(fen)鐘(zhong)的(de)(de)無級調(diao)速(su)和(he)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)變化。從(cong)動(dong)(dong)(dong)箱采用(yong)懸(xuan)掛(gua)式框架結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)，提高(gao)(gao)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)剛度(du)，保證被檢齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)嚙(nie)合位置的(de)(de)穩定性(xing)。從(cong)動(dong)(dong)(dong)箱主(zhu)軸采用(yong)電液比控(kong)制加載(zai)方式，可(ke)實(shi)現(xian)600~200轉(zhuan)(zhuan)/分(fen)鐘(zhong)的(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)設置．電氣柜(ju)采用(yong)后掛(gua)式密封電氣控(kong)制柜(ju)，并配(pei)備(bei)熱交換器式空調(diao)(選(xuan)配(pei))。