憑祥加工中心夾具加工
發布時間：2025-01-27 01:06:15
憑祥加工中心夾具加工
齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)是一(yi)個非常復雜的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)。只有(you)使(shi)用正(zheng)確的(de)技(ji)術，才能有(you)效地生(sheng)(sheng)產，生(sheng)(sheng)產過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)每個部分都(dou)必須(xu)達到非常準確的(de)尺寸。齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)周(zhou)期包括(kuo)普通汽(qi)車(che)(che)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)→鉆孔→滾齒(chi)(chi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)→插(cha)齒(chi)(chi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)→剃齒(chi)(chi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)→內孔磨削(xue)(xue)/硬車(che)(che)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)→磨齒(chi)(chi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)→珩磨加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)→測量，為這個過(guo)程(cheng)配(pei)置合(he)適的(de)夾(jia)緊系統尤為重要(yao)。在普通汽(qi)車(che)(che)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中，齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)毛胚通常夾(jia)在垂(chui)直(zhi)或水(shui)平的(de)車(che)(che)削(xue)(xue)機床上。對于自動(dong)夾(jia)具，絕大(da)多數不需要(yao)在主軸的(de)另(ling)一(yi)側(ce)安(an)裝(zhuang)輔助穩定裝(zhuang)置。由于其出(chu)色的(de)經濟性，滾齒(chi)(chi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)是一(yi)種用于生(sheng)(sheng)產外齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)和圓柱齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的(de)切割工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。滾齒(chi)(chi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)不僅廣(guang)泛應(ying)用于汽(qi)車(che)(che)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業，也廣(guang)泛應(ying)用于大(da)型工(gong)(gong)(gong)業變速(su)器制造，但前提是不受加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件外輪(lun)廓的(de)限(xian)制。
憑祥加工中心夾具加工
齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)面粗糙度差(cha)的(de)(de)原因有(you)：機床、刀(dao)具(ju)或工件(jian)(jian)系統間隙大(da)，整體剛(gang)度差(cha)；切割參數問題(ti)；工件(jian)(jian)和(he)滾刀(dao)位(wei)置變化(hua)；零(ling)件(jian)(jian)本身材料不(bu)均勻，滾刀(dao)磨削不(bu)當。通過(guo)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)描述，我們對影響滾齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)精(jing)度的(de)(de)因素有(you)了一定(ding)的(de)(de)了解，特別是(shi)(shi)各種誤(wu)差(cha)的(de)(de)原因。結(jie)合以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)問題(ti)，筆者認為，提高滾齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)加(jia)工精(jing)度可以(yi)(yi)從工藝系統精(jing)度、加(jia)工零(ling)件(jian)(jian)本身、加(jia)工工具(ju)、加(jia)工機床、加(jia)工工藝等方面進行控(kong)制，從而(er)提高滾齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)加(jia)工精(jing)度。具(ju)體方法有(you)：提高齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)坯(pi)加(jia)工質量(liang)：對于(yu)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪加(jia)工，齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)坯(pi)的(de)(de)質量(liang)直(zhi)接(jie)影響齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪的(de)(de)精(jing)度。提高齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)坯(pi)質量(liang)是(shi)(shi)提高齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪精(jing)度的(de)(de)基礎和(he)關(guan)鍵。齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪內孔(kong)和(he)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪端面是(shi)(shi)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪加(jia)工的(de)(de)定(ding)位(wei)基準。以(yi)(yi)往普通卡盤加(jia)工的(de)(de)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)坯(pi)端面跳動(dong)≥0.05mm，而(er)精(jing)車夾(jia)具(ju)采用粘接(jie)增(zeng)套技術，夾(jia)具(ju)精(jing)度可達(da)0.005mm，加(jia)工齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)坯(pi)精(jing)度≤0.015mm，提高定(ding)位(wei)基準精(jing)度，可大(da)大(da)提高齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪加(jia)工精(jing)度，特別是(shi)(shi)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)向精(jing)度。
憑祥加工中心夾具加工
恒(heng)齒(chi)原理類(lei)似于(yu)(yu)剃(ti)(ti)須齒(chi)，恒(heng)齒(chi)和工(gong)件(jian)(jian)類(lei)似于(yu)(yu)一對(dui)(dui)螺旋(xuan)齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)，使用(yong)嚙(nie)合(he)處(chu)的(de)相對(dui)(dui)滑動(dong)(dong)，并在齒(chi)面(mian)(mian)之間(jian)施加(jia)(jia)(jia)一定的(de)壓力。恒(heng)齒(chi)能獲(huo)得理想的(de)齒(chi)面(mian)(mian)微觀(guan)幾何形(xing)狀，特別是(shi)特殊的(de)齒(chi)面(mian)(mian)線條(tiao)，對(dui)(dui)傳動(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)振動(dong)(dong)噪聲有(you)很(hen)好的(de)抑制作用(yong)，因此恒(heng)齒(chi)技術在電動(dong)(dong)汽車齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)的(de)精(jing)密加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)中(zhong)得到了應用(yong)和發展。剃(ti)(ti)須加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)是(shi)根據螺旋(xuan)角不(bu)同(tong)的(de)螺旋(xuan)齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)嚙(nie)合(he)原理，剃(ti)(ti)須刀與(yu)切割(ge)齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)的(de)軸(zhou)向(xiang)空間(jian)交叉。它們(men)的(de)嚙(nie)合(he)是(shi)無側(ce)間(jian)隙雙面(mian)(mian)嚙(nie)合(he)的(de)自(zi)由運動(dong)(dong)。加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)薄壁(bi)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)內齒(chi)不(bu)會變形(xing)，如行星齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)重量優化齒(chi)環。插齒(chi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)主(zhu)要(yao)適用(yong)于(yu)(yu)齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)的(de)內齒(chi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)，以(yi)及一些(xie)受結構干擾的(de)齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)的(de)外齒(chi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)。插齒(chi)夾具確保夾緊零件(jian)(jian)內孔的(de)同(tong)軸(zhou)度(du)和端面(mian)(mian)的(de)垂(chui)直度(du)，以(yi)確保加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)過程中(zhong)的(de)穩定性。
憑祥加工中心夾具加工
齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪是輪狀的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)械(xie)部件，它(ta)依靠(kao)(kao)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)來傳遞扭矩。通(tong)過將變速箱與其(qi)他機(ji)械(xie)部件結合起來，可(ke)以完(wan)成改變速度、改變運動方向(xiang)和(he)方式(shi)等功能(neng)(neng)。那么(me)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪加(jia)(jia)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)詳細流程是什么(me)呢(ni)？車削加(jia)(jia)工(gong):為滿足高(gao)精(jing)度齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪加(jia)(jia)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)，所(suo)有(you)(you)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)坯(pi)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)均采用(yong)(yong)(yong)數控(kong)車床，采用(yong)(yong)(yong)機(ji)械(xie)精(jing)密夾(jia)具(ju)夾(jia)緊不重磨車刀(dao)，同時完(wan)成一(yi)次夾(jia)緊下的(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)徑、端面(mian)和(he)外徑加(jia)(jia)工(gong)，既保證了(le)內(nei)孔(kong)和(he)端面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)垂直度要求(qiu)，又保證了(le)大批量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)坯(pi)生產的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)離散小(xiao)。2、滾動插齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi):加(jia)(jia)工(gong)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)部使用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)許多設備仍采用(yong)(yong)(yong)普通(tong)滾齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)機(ji)和(he)插齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)機(ji)，配合高(gao)精(jing)度滾齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)夾(jia)具(ju)，對(dui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪產品(pin)進行(xing)粗加(jia)(jia)工(gong)。3、熱(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)：汽車齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪需要滲碳淬火，以保證其(qi)優異的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)械(xie)性能(neng)(neng)。對(dui)于熱(re)后不再進行(xing)磨齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)產品(pin)，安全(quan)可(ke)靠(kao)(kao)的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)設備非(fei)常重要。比如正火:這個過程的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)是獲(huo)得適合后續(xu)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪切割的(de)(de)(de)硬度，并為熱(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)做好準(zhun)備，從(cong)而有(you)(you)效(xiao)減少熱(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)變形。齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪鋼一(yi)般為20crmnti。實(shi)踐證明，等溫正火的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)效(xiao)地改變了(le)正火正火的(de)(de)(de)缺陷，產品(pin)質量穩(wen)定可(ke)靠(kao)(kao)。
憑祥加工中心夾具加工
齒(chi)(chi)(chi)向(xiang)誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)：齒(chi)(chi)(chi)向(xiang)誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)主(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)布在(zai)分(fen)度(du)(du)(du)圓柱體上，在(zai)全(quan)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)寬(kuan)范圍內，兩個齒(chi)(chi)(chi)向(xiang)線之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)端面距離。齒(chi)(chi)(chi)向(xiang)誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)是刀架和(he)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)垂直進給方(fang)向(xiang)與零件軸(zhou)線偏移；滾齒(chi)(chi)(chi)機(ji)(ji)尾座頂中心與工作臺旋轉中心之(zhi)間存(cun)在(zai)偏差(cha)(cha)；計算(suan)差(cha)(cha)動(dong)掛輪(lun)時，誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)過大，導(dao)致傳動(dong)鏈齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)調整制造(zao)誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)較大。此外，由(you)于(yu)精度(du)(du)(du)低，齒(chi)(chi)(chi)坯(pi)和(he)滾齒(chi)(chi)(chi)夾具的(de)(de)(de)制造(zao)和(he)安裝也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)會導(dao)致齒(chi)(chi)(chi)向(xiang)誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)。齒(chi)(chi)(chi)坯(pi)、機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)、夾具等(deng)誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)會導(dao)致齒(chi)(chi)(chi)向(xiang)誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)。齒(chi)(chi)(chi)面粗糙度(du)(du)(du)：一(yi)般(ban)來說，齒(chi)(chi)(chi)面粗糙度(du)(du)(du)差(cha)(cha)主(zhu)要(yao)表現為啃牙、發紋、撕裂、魚鱗等(deng)。機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)刀架滑板也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)會影響到滾齒(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)向(xiang)誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)，比(bi)如，刀架滑板和(he)回轉軸(zhou)線之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)平行(xing)度(du)(du)(du)。因(yin)此，提升刀架導(dao)軌精度(du)(du)(du)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)是提升滾齒(chi)(chi)(chi)精度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種方(fang)法。
憑祥加工中心夾具加工
控制齒(chi)(chi)(chi)面的(de)(de)粗(cu)糙(cao)度(du)值：控制齒(chi)(chi)(chi)面的(de)(de)粗(cu)糙(cao)度(du)也是(shi)提(ti)升滾(gun)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精度(du)的(de)(de)途徑(jing)之一(yi)(yi)。可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)采取適(shi)當的(de)(de)預備熱(re)處(chu)理的(de)(de)方式(shi)，讓(rang)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)坯材料(liao)的(de)(de)內部(bu)(bu)組織做到硬度(du)一(yi)(yi)致(zhi)、組織均勻(yun)， 可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)通(tong)過(guo)控制滾(gun)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)切(qie)削(xue)(xue)參數(shu)，采取冷卻(que)潤(run)滑的(de)(de)方式(shi)，也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)通(tong)過(guo)對滾(gun)刀采取定期刃(ren)磨的(de)(de)方式(shi)，降低齒(chi)(chi)(chi)面的(de)(de)粗(cu)糙(cao)度(du)值。端(duan)(duan)面驅動(dong)(dong)頂部(bu)(bu)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種高精度(du)、高效(xiao)率(lv)的(de)(de)夾(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)具，通(tong)過(guo)一(yi)(yi)次夾(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)緊(jin)完全(quan)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)全(quan)長(chang)。端(duan)(duan)面驅動(dong)(dong)頂部(bu)(bu)特別適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)長(chang)軸產品(pin)。長(chang)軸加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)采用(yong)(yong)卡盤(pan)+尾(wei)架(jia)頂部(bu)(bu)。但卡盤(pan)夾(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)緊(jin)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)不(bu)方便實現軸工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)全(quan)長(chang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，軸需要(yao)先(xian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)一(yi)(yi)端(duan)(duan)，然后(hou)轉向另一(yi)(yi)端(duan)(duan)。驅動(dong)(dong)優(you)勢:1、每個軸頸、端(duan)(duan)面、槽型、螺紋加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)次完成；鍵(jian)槽和油(you)孔的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)在車(che)銑中心一(yi)(yi)次完成，大(da)大(da)縮短了(le)夾(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)具的(de)(de)輔(fu)助(zhu)時間(jian)。與傳統的(de)(de)卡盤(pan)夾(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)具相比，加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效(xiao)率(lv)提(ti)高了(le)兩倍(bei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上；2、由(you)于(yu)不(bu)需要(yao)重(zhong)新夾(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)緊(jin)，大(da)大(da)提(ti)高了(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)同(tong)軸度(du)和位置精度(du)，因此越來(lai)越廣泛地應用(yong)(yong)于(yu)軸零件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)車(che)削(xue)(xue)、磨削(xue)(xue)和齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)；端(duan)(duan)面驅動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)頂級工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)原理是(shi)：1）通(tong)過(guo)端(duan)(duan)面驅動(dong)(dong)中心和尾(wei)座雙頂定位工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)；2）利用(yong)(yong)尾(wei)座（或(huo)主(zhu)軸缸）推力(li)(li)產生工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)端(duan)(duan)面與驅動(dong)(dong)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)之間(jian)的(de)(de)相互(hu)(hu)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)力(li)(li)；3）驅動(dong)(dong)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)在相互(hu)(hu)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)力(li)(li)下扎入工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)端(duan)(duan)面（或(huo)產生靜止摩擦(ca)）；4)主(zhu)軸旋轉->端(duan)(duan)面驅動(dong)(dong)頂部(bu)(bu)旋轉->驅動(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)旋轉。