深圳加工中心夾具設計
發布時間：2025-01-16 01:07:11
深圳加工中心夾具設計
機床(chuang)(chuang)夾(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種用于(yu)夾(jia)緊(jin)(jin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)（和(he)指導工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)）的(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置。其(qi)功能是(shi)(shi)定(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)，使工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)獲得相對于(yu)機床(chuang)(chuang)和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)正確位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)置，并可靠地夾(jia)緊(jin)(jin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)。在(zai)(zai)現代生產中，機床(chuang)(chuang)夾(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)可缺少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝裝(zhuang)(zhuang)配(pei)，直接影響加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精度(du)、勞動生產率和(he)產品制造成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)。雖然機床(chuang)(chuang)夾(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)結構(gou)(gou)很多，但(dan)它們的(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)(ben)組成(cheng)可以(yi)概括為以(yi)下1個部分．定(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)夾(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)主要認為是(shi)(shi)定(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)無論任(ren)何夾(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)，都有(you)定(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)。確定(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)基準面的(de)(de)(de)形狀時，定(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)結構(gou)(gou)基本(ben)(ben)確定(ding)(ding)2．夾(jia)緊(jin)(jin)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)夾(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)中定(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)后，加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前必須夾(jia)緊(jin)(jin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)，以(yi)確保工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中不(bu)會因外力而損(sun)壞其(qi)定(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。3．夾(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)體夾(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)是(shi)(shi)夾(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)集體和(he)骨(gu)架(jia)，通(tong)過它將夾(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)所(suo)(suo)有(you)部件(jian)(jian)組成(cheng)一(yi)個整(zheng)體。
深圳加工中心夾具設計
端(duan)驅(qu)動工(gong)作(zuo)原(yuan)理(li):端(duan)驅(qu)動夾(jia)具(ju)與(yu)機(ji)(ji)床主軸的(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)形式(shi)多(duo)種多(duo)樣(yang)，常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有法蘭(lan)連(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)和莫氏錐(zhui)連(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)。當端(duan)面(mian)驅(qu)動夾(jia)具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)口與(yu)機(ji)(ji)床主軸的(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)口形式(shi)不同時，可通過(guo)過(guo)渡法蘭(lan)連(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)。滾(gun)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種廣泛使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)制(zhi)造(zao)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)，用(yong)(yong)于制(zhi)造(zao)任何圍繞(rao)旋(xuan)轉中心均(jun)勻展開的(de)(de)(de)(de)外齒(chi)(chi)(chi)型。它是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種先進的(de)(de)(de)(de)金屬去除工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)。滾(gun)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)是(shi)(shi)通過(guo)刀(dao)具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)旋(xuan)轉，實(shi)現切(qie)割運(yun)(yun)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)展成法加(jia)工(gong)過(guo)程。當刀(dao)具(ju)旋(xuan)轉時，滾(gun)刀(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)軸向進給(gei)端(duan)面(mian)與(yu)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)端(duan)面(mian)重疊。由于連(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)切(qie)割工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)，二次加(jia)工(gong)時間較低，滾(gun)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)加(jia)工(gong)已成為圓(yuan)柱齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)非(fei)常有效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)造(zao)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)之一(yi)。滾(gun)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)夾(jia)具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)很(hen)復雜，很(hen)多(duo)合(he)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)都是(shi)(shi)可能的(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)一(yi)工(gong)件。建議滾(gun)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)夾(jia)具(ju)形成制(zhi)造(zao)過(guo)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個組成部分，并將工(gong)件保持在所需(xu)位(wei)置。滾(gun)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)夾(jia)具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)應(ying)注重在切(qie)削力的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)下抑制(zhi)工(gong)件不必要的(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)動。夾(jia)具(ju)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種工(gong)件夾(jia)緊裝(zhuang)置，廣泛應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于機(ji)(ji)械加(jia)工(gong)、裝(zhuang)配、檢驗等生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程中。
深圳加工中心夾具設計
齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是一個(ge)非(fei)常復(fu)雜的(de)過程。只有使用正確的(de)技(ji)術(shu)，才能有效地生(sheng)產，生(sheng)產過程的(de)每個(ge)部(bu)分都必須達到非(fei)常準(zhun)確的(de)尺寸。齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)周期包括普(pu)通汽車(che)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)→鉆孔→滾齒(chi)(chi)(chi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)→插齒(chi)(chi)(chi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)→剃齒(chi)(chi)(chi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)→內(nei)孔磨削/硬(ying)車(che)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)→磨齒(chi)(chi)(chi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)→珩磨加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)→測量，為這個(ge)過程配置(zhi)合適的(de)夾緊系(xi)統尤(you)為重要。在(zai)普(pu)通汽車(che)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)，齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)毛(mao)胚通常夾在(zai)垂(chui)直或水(shui)平的(de)車(che)削機床(chuang)上。對(dui)于自動夾具(ju)，絕大多數不(bu)需要在(zai)主軸的(de)另一側安裝(zhuang)輔助穩定裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。由于其(qi)出色(se)的(de)經濟性，滾齒(chi)(chi)(chi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是一種用于生(sheng)產外齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)和圓(yuan)柱齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)的(de)切割工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝。滾齒(chi)(chi)(chi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)僅廣泛應用于汽車(che)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業，也廣泛應用于大型工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業變(bian)速器制(zhi)造，但前提是不(bu)受加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件外輪(lun)(lun)廓的(de)限制(zhi)。
深圳加工中心夾具設計
齒(chi)(chi)向(xiang)誤差(cha)：齒(chi)(chi)向(xiang)誤差(cha)主(zhu)要分布在分度圓柱體(ti)上，在全齒(chi)(chi)寬范(fan)圍內，兩個(ge)齒(chi)(chi)向(xiang)線之(zhi)間的(de)端面(mian)距(ju)離。齒(chi)(chi)向(xiang)誤差(cha)的(de)原因(yin)是刀(dao)架和機(ji)床的(de)垂(chui)直進給方(fang)向(xiang)與零件軸(zhou)(zhou)線偏(pian)移；滾齒(chi)(chi)機(ji)尾座頂中心與工(gong)作(zuo)臺旋(xuan)轉中心之(zhi)間存在偏(pian)差(cha)；計算差(cha)動(dong)掛輪(lun)時，誤差(cha)過大，導(dao)致(zhi)傳(chuan)動(dong)鏈齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)調整制造誤差(cha)較(jiao)大。此外，由于精度低，齒(chi)(chi)坯和滾齒(chi)(chi)夾(jia)具的(de)制造和安裝也(ye)會(hui)導(dao)致(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)向(xiang)誤差(cha)。齒(chi)(chi)坯、機(ji)床、夾(jia)具等(deng)誤差(cha)也(ye)會(hui)導(dao)致(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)向(xiang)誤差(cha)。齒(chi)(chi)面(mian)粗(cu)(cu)糙(cao)度：一般來說，齒(chi)(chi)面(mian)粗(cu)(cu)糙(cao)度差(cha)主(zhu)要表現為啃牙(ya)、發紋、撕裂、魚鱗(lin)等(deng)。機(ji)床刀(dao)架滑(hua)板也(ye)會(hui)影(ying)響(xiang)到滾齒(chi)(chi)的(de)齒(chi)(chi)向(xiang)誤差(cha)，比如，刀(dao)架滑(hua)板和回轉軸(zhou)(zhou)線之(zhi)間的(de)平行(xing)度。因(yin)此，提升(sheng)刀(dao)架導(dao)軌精度也(ye)是提升(sheng)滾齒(chi)(chi)精度的(de)一種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)。
深圳加工中心夾具設計
插齒(chi)(chi)刀(dao)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)后徑向與(yu)端(duan)面跳動(dong)(dong)大；安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)時(shi)(shi)檢查刀(dao)軸(zhou)(zhou)、刀(dao)墊、刀(dao)具內孔端(duan)面精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)，是否(fou)有(you)碰撞，安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)時(shi)(shi)保持(chi)清(qing)潔(jie)度(du)。齒(chi)(chi)坯(pi)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)不好:齒(chi)(chi)坯(pi)制造精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)不符合(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝要求，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)喪失或設計剛度(du)不足，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)時(shi)(shi)清(qing)潔(jie)度(du)差或有(you)碰撞毛刺(ci)；解(jie)決(jue)方案:保證(zheng)齒(chi)(chi)坯(pi)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)，安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)時(shi)(shi)保證(zheng)清(qing)潔(jie)度(du)，無碰撞毛刺(ci)，重新(xin)設計工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)或更(geng)換工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)。機(ji)床傳動(dong)(dong)鏈中(zhong)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作臺(tai)(tai)主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)等零件的(de)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)已經喪失或磨損(sun)，傳動(dong)(dong)部件之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)間(jian)隙(xi)變大，切割時(shi)(shi)產生松動(dong)(dong)和(he)沖擊；工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作臺(tai)(tai)主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作臺(tai)(tai)圓錐導(dao)軌表(biao)面接觸過(guo)(guo)硬，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作臺(tai)(tai)驅動(dong)(dong)沉重，旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)時(shi)(shi)摩擦(ca)發(fa)熱，產生振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)；或接觸過(guo)(guo)松，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作臺(tai)(tai)在(zai)運行過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)晃動(dong)(dong)；刀(dao)架體與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作臺(tai)(tai)的(de)兩(liang)分度(du)蝸(gua)桿在(zai)運行過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)軸(zhou)(zhou)向運動(dong)(dong)過(guo)(guo)大，或蝸(gua)桿與(yu)蝸(gua)輪之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)嚙合(he)間(jian)隙(xi)過(guo)(guo)大，在(zai)運行過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)引起跳動(dong)(dong)；機(ji)床使刀(dao)機(ji)構(gou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作異常，插齒(chi)(chi)刀(dao)回程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)表(biao)面擦(ca)傷(shang)。