畢節精密量具夾具設計
發(fa)布時間：2025-01-14 01:07:09
畢節精密量具夾具設計
一(yi)種車齒(chi)夾(jia)(jia)(jia)具，包(bao)括底座和(he)設置(zhi)(zhi)在底座上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)彈性(xing)夾(jia)(jia)(jia)座，在彈性(xing)夾(jia)(jia)(jia)座上(shang)設置(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)個(ge)容(rong)納(na)工件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)納(na)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)，彈性(xing)夾(jia)(jia)(jia)座周(zhou)向(xiang)外壁(bi)(bi)均勻(yun)設置(zhi)(zhi)幾個(ge)容(rong)納(na)液體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)液體(ti)(ti)通道，液體(ti)(ti)通道靠近容(rong)納(na)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)(de)內壁(bi)(bi)與(yu)容(rong)納(na)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)側壁(bi)(bi)的(de)(de)(de)間距相(xiang)同，容(rong)納(na)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)靠近液體(ti)(ti)通道的(de)(de)(de)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)側壁(bi)(bi)為變形(xing)壁(bi)(bi)；當油(you)泵驅動油(you)注入(ru)容(rong)納(na)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)方向(xiang)時(shi)，液體(ti)(ti)通道中的(de)(de)(de)液壓驅動變形(xing)壁(bi)(bi)突出容(rong)納(na)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)腔。一(yi)般(ban)(ban)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)部(bu)件(jian)車削一(yi)般(ban)(ban)采用(yong)卡(ka)盤夾(jia)(jia)(jia)持，長軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)加工采用(yong)卡(ka)盤+尾(wei)架頂夾(jia)(jia)(jia)持。但是，卡(ka)盤夾(jia)(jia)(jia)持一(yi)般(ban)(ban)不方便實(shi)現軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)部(bu)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)全長加工。一(yi)個(ge)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)需要先加工一(yi)端，然后轉(zhuan)向(xiang)另一(yi)端。二次夾(jia)(jia)(jia)緊會(hui)影響軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)加工精度和(he)效率(lv)。
畢節精密量具夾具設計
滾(gun)齒夾具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)很(hen)復雜，很(hen)多合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)都是單一的(de)(de)(de)工件(jian)(jian)(jian)。因此，需(xu)(xu)要使用(yong)快速更(geng)換(huan)夾具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)，以滿足多品種、小批量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)現代生(sheng)(sheng)產要求(qiu)。并要求(qiu)在所需(xu)(xu)位置持有(you)工件(jian)(jian)(jian)，可(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)高(gao)(gao)，精(jing)度高(gao)(gao)。滾(gun)齒夾具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)應注重在切削力的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)下(xia)抑制工件(jian)(jian)(jian)不(bu)(bu)必(bi)要的(de)(de)(de)運動(dong)。盡(jin)可(ke)(ke)能多的(de)(de)(de)粘接(jie)套，支撐(cheng)設(she)計(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)分體式(shi)和模塊化結(jie)構，并根據芯軸系列的(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)為夾具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)更(geng)換(huan)部分留出足夠的(de)(de)(de)拆卸空(kong)間，這樣新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)快速更(geng)換(huan)部件(jian)(jian)(jian)就可(ke)(ke)以直(zhi)接(jie)更(geng)換(huan)而不(bu)(bu)拆卸夾具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)零件(jian)(jian)(jian)，實現更(geng)換(huan)生(sheng)(sheng)產。插(cha)(cha)齒機(ji)是齒輪加工機(ji)床(chuang)之一，大(da)多采用(yong)夾具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)固定(ding)齒輪；但(dan)相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)插(cha)(cha)齒夾具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)通(tong)用(yong)性(xing)差，加工不(bu)(bu)同(tong)型號的(de)(de)(de)工件(jian)(jian)(jian)配備不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)內外孔(kong)支撐(cheng)，支撐(cheng)需(xu)(xu)要特殊加工，生(sheng)(sheng)產周(zhou)期長，工作量(liang)大(da)，成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)高(gao)(gao)，如(ru)果工件(jian)(jian)(jian)采用(yong)非標(biao)準型號，導致生(sheng)(sheng)產效(xiao)率低(di)、交貨周(zhou)期長、生(sheng)(sheng)產成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)高(gao)(gao)。為了滿足“高(gao)(gao)精(jing)度、低(di)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)、中小批量(liang)”的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產要求(qiu)，設(she)計(ji)了一種新(xin)型插(cha)(cha)齒夾具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。夾具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)定(ding)位夾緊工件(jian)(jian)(jian)外圓(yuan)快速穩定(ding)，換(huan)產時無需(xu)(xu)重新(xin)找正夾具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)，節省了大(da)量(liang)換(huan)產時間。
畢節精密量具夾具設計
齒(chi)(chi)(chi)面粗(cu)糙度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)差(cha)的(de)原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)有：機床、刀具或(huo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件系統間隙(xi)大(da)(da)，整體剛(gang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)差(cha)；切割參數問題；工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件和滾(gun)(gun)(gun)刀位(wei)(wei)置變化；零(ling)件本身(shen)材料不均勻，滾(gun)(gun)(gun)刀磨削不當(dang)。通過(guo)以上(shang)描述，我們對(dui)影(ying)響滾(gun)(gun)(gun)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)因(yin)(yin)素有了一(yi)定的(de)了解，特別(bie)是各(ge)種誤差(cha)的(de)原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)。結合以上(shang)問題，筆者認為，提(ti)(ti)高滾(gun)(gun)(gun)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)可(ke)以從工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝系統精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)零(ling)件本身(shen)、加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具、加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)機床、加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝等(deng)方面進行控制，從而提(ti)(ti)高滾(gun)(gun)(gun)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。具體方法有：提(ti)(ti)高齒(chi)(chi)(chi)坯加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)：對(dui)于(yu)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，齒(chi)(chi)(chi)坯的(de)質量(liang)直(zhi)接(jie)影(ying)響齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)的(de)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。提(ti)(ti)高齒(chi)(chi)(chi)坯質量(liang)是提(ti)(ti)高齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)基(ji)礎和關鍵。齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)內孔和齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)端面是齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)定位(wei)(wei)基(ji)準。以往普(pu)通卡盤(pan)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)坯端面跳動≥0.05mm，而精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)車(che)夾(jia)具采用粘接(jie)增(zeng)套技術，夾(jia)具精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)可(ke)達0.005mm，加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)坯精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)≤0.015mm，提(ti)(ti)高定位(wei)(wei)基(ji)準精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，可(ke)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)提(ti)(ti)高齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，特別(bie)是齒(chi)(chi)(chi)向精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。
畢節精密量具夾具設計
在圓柱齒(chi)輪加(jia)工(gong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)，齒(chi)輪夾(jia)(jia)具的使用是(shi)影響生產(chan)效(xiao)率和(he)產(chan)品質量(liang)的重要因(yin)素(su)。根(gen)據(ju)齒(chi)輪結構(gou)和(he)工(gong)藝(yi)要求，需(xu)(xu)要設計精密車(che)輛、滾齒(chi)、插(cha)齒(chi)、磨齒(chi)等專用工(gong)具夾(jia)(jia)具。如果(guo)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)的定(ding)位(wei)(wei)基(ji)(ji)準尺寸精度(du)不是(shi)很高(gao)(gao)，也可以通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)改(gai)進(jin)夾(jia)(jia)具結構(gou)來提高(gao)(gao)定(ding)位(wei)(wei)精度(du)。在當今市場上，在高(gao)(gao)精度(du)、高(gao)(gao)可靠(kao)性、高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)自動夾(jia)(jia)定(ding)位(wei)(wei)齒(chi)輪夾(jia)(jia)具齒(chi)輪拉鍵(jian)后，經(jing)常(chang)使用錐形芯軸(zhou)來提高(gao)(gao)齒(chi)坯，如圖1所示。利用錐形芯軸(zhou)擰緊工(gong)件(jian)(jian)內孔，可有效(xiao)保(bao)證工(gong)件(jian)(jian)組裝基(ji)(ji)準與加(jia)工(gong)基(ji)(ji)準的同軸(zhou)度(du)，提供良好的端面(mian)基(ji)(ji)準。但(dan)在使用過(guo)(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)，工(gong)件(jian)(jian)需(xu)(xu)要在砧(zhen)鐵上加(jia)固夾(jia)(jia)緊，容易損壞工(gong)件(jian)(jian)內孔和(he)“燒蝕(shi)”芯軸(zhou)。此外，芯軸(zhou)在兩個頂部(bu)的定(ding)位(wei)(wei)剛(gang)度(du)較差，因(yin)此端面(mian)和(he)徑向跳動在加(jia)工(gong)齒(chi)坯時較大。
畢節精密量具夾具設計
為(wei)此，夾(jia)具可以做成上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)套(tao)結(jie)構，用(yong)(yong)液壓(ya)缸驅(qu)動拉(la)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)。當拉(la)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)7向(xiang)左移動時(shi)，上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)套(tao)體的(de)錐面迫使彈性(xing)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)套(tao)向(xiang)外打(da)開，拉(la)緊工(gong)件(jian)內(nei)孔；拉(la)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)向(xiang)右移動時(shi)，推桿(gan)(gan)(gan)頂(ding)出上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)套(tao)，上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)套(tao)縮回，取(qu)出工(gong)件(jian)。保(bao)證了工(gong)件(jian)的(de)加工(gong)精(jing)度，使夾(jia)具快(kuai)速可靠。該夾(jia)具適用(yong)(yong)于直徑φ內(nei)孔25mm以上(shang)(shang)的(de)工(gong)件(jian)，采用(yong)(yong)65mn鋼材料制(zhi)成，硬度HRC40～45.滾(gun)齒(chi)是(shi)一種廣泛(fan)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)的(de)制(zhi)造(zao)工(gong)藝(yi)，用(yong)(yong)于制(zhi)造(zao)任何圍(wei)繞旋轉中心均勻展開的(de)外齒(chi)類(lei)型。這是(shi)一種金屬去除工(gong)藝(yi)。滾(gun)齒(chi)夾(jia)具是(shi)滾(gun)齒(chi)制(zhi)造(zao)過(guo)程中非常重要的(de)工(gong)具。滾(gun)齒(chi)夾(jia)具一般采用(yong)(yong)組合形(xing)式，結(jie)構如圖所示:主(zhu)要包括夾(jia)具、壓(ya)蓋、芯(xin)軸、快(kuai)速更(geng)換組合件(jian)等(deng)。高精(jing)度快(kuai)速更(geng)換盤齒(chi)滾(gun)齒(chi)夾(jia)具，包括安裝在機(ji)床(chuang)工(gong)作(zuo)臺上(shang)(shang)的(de)芯(xin)軸、下支撐、雙錐粘接套(tao)、上(shang)(shang)拉(la)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)、上(shang)(shang)壓(ya)蓋依次安裝在芯(xin)軸上(shang)(shang)；上(shang)(shang)拉(la)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)與機(ji)床(chuang)拉(la)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)相連。
畢節精密量具夾具設計
汽車檢(jian)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)設計要(yao)求1、所有檢(jian)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)零件(jian)(jian)圖(tu)必須(xu)(xu)用(yong)三視圖(tu)繪制，工作(zuo)表面(mian)和/或車身和/或工作(zuo)參考線必須(xu)(xu)標(biao)注。2、所有剖面(mian)圖(tu)應(ying)(ying)標(biao)明與量具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)設計圖(tu)引出號相對應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)剖面(mian)號和頁(ye)號。3、檢(jian)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)設計圖(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)必須(xu)(xu)包括(kuo)檢(jian)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)上(shang)(shang)被測部件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)輪廓（虛線）。線條應(ying)(ying)足(zu)夠(gou)粗(cu)，以(yi)便于圖(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)復印。4、原材料(liao)清(qing)單應(ying)(ying)包括(kuo)原材料(liao)的(de)(de)尺寸(cun)(cun)，所有標(biao)準件(jian)(jian)應(ying)(ying)標(biao)明制造(zao)商(shang)的(de)(de)名稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和目錄型號。5、檢(jian)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)零件(jian)(jian)圖(tu)應(ying)(ying)與總成(cheng)圖(tu)分開(kai)，除非為(wei)了(le)澄清(qing)制造(zao)要(yao)求。6、所有尺寸(cun)(cun)都應(ying)(ying)以(yi)公(gong)制表示。7、如(ru)有可能(neng)，檢(jian)測原材料(liao)（如(ru)：角架、堆(dui)積塊(kuai)、鉸鏈、導(dao)板、螺釘(ding)、鍵等）應(ying)(ying)盡量選用(yong)可采(cai)(cai)購的(de)(de)標(biao)準件(jian)(jian)。8、檢(jian)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)設計采(cai)(cai)用(yong)計算機輔助設計。9、傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)制造(zao)注釋不需(xu)要(yao)標(biao)記在(zai)檢(jian)測設計圖(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)。(如(ru):電纜接頭、螺釘(ding)或鍵的(de)(de)尺寸(cun)(cun)等。)10、檢(jian)測設計圖(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)無需(xu)標(biao)記重復或左右對稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。實際可行(xing)時(shi)，只需(xu)注明獨(du)特(te)的(de)(de)單側細(xi)節(jie)，并附上(shang)(shang)“除指出部分外，中心軸對稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”的(de)(de)附注。